The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reported a historic year in fiscal 2024, executing 583 enforcement actions, according to a recent report.
The SEC report says these initiatives led to financial penalties totaling $8.2 billion, setting a new agency record. Enforcement actions fell by 26 percent from fiscal 2023. Among the 583 cases, 431 were standalone actions, reflecting a 14 percent decline compared to the prior year.
The SEC also initiated 93 follow-on administrative proceedings to bar or suspend individuals from securities roles due to criminal convictions or civil injunctions, a significant 43 percent drop. Additionally, 59 actions targeted issuers for failing to comply with filing requirements, marking a 51 percent decrease.
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Despite fewer cases, financial consequences remained substantial. Penalties included $6.1 billion in disgorgement and prejudgment interest, the highest in SEC history. Civil penalties added another $2.1 billion, the second-largest amount ever recorded. A considerable 56 percent of these financial remedies resulted from the SEC’s success in the prominent Terraform Labs and Do Kwon case, one of the largest securities fraud incidents in U.S. history.
SEC’s Commitment to Upholding Market Integrity
Gary Gensler, Chair of the SEC, set to resign on January 20, underscored the Enforcement Division’s firm dedication to upholding securities laws. He pointed out the division’s crucial role in maintaining the integrity of capital markets, ensuring fairness for investors and issuers alike. This ongoing vigilance strengthens the market’s foundation.
“The Division of Enforcement is a steadfast cop on the beat, following the facts and the law wherever they lead to hold wrongdoers accountable,” said SEC Chair Gary Gensler. “As demonstrated by this year’s results, the Division helps promote the integrity of our capital markets to benefit investors and issuers alike.”
Sanjay Wadhwa, Acting Director of the Enforcement Division, detailed the rigorous enforcement actions taken in fiscal year 2024. He emphasized the division’s focus on significant cases targeting industry-wide noncompliance, which led to substantial financial penalties. Wadhwa highlighted how many market participants have proactively reported violations and cooperated in investigations, contributing to a stronger culture of compliance.
Sam Waldon, Acting Deputy Director of the division, highlighted the team’s success in addressing new challenges. Enforcement actions during fiscal year 2024 included cases involving misleading information about artificial intelligence and scams linked to social media. Waldon credited the committed staff for their hard work in safeguarding investor confidence.
“The varied enforcement actions recommended by the Division in fiscal year 2024 demonstrate the Division keeping pace with emerging threats […] while maintaining its focus on evergreen investor risks such as material misstatements, deficient internal controls, and major gatekeeper failures, […] I could not be prouder of the […] staff […] who work tirelessly to hold wrongdoers accountable, promote compliance, and […] investor trust in the markets.” said Waldon.
SEC Bars 124 Individuals in 2024
The SEC barred 124 individuals from holding officer and director positions in public companies, marking the second-highest number in a decade. This decision reflects the agency’s strong emphasis on ethical leadership within securities markets. Significant progress was made in compensating investors. In fiscal year 2024, $345 million was returned to affected investors, raising the total to over $2.7 billion since fiscal year 2021.
The agency received a record 45,130 tips, complaints, and referrals, with over 24,000 whistleblower tips, of which more than 14,000 came from two sources. Whistleblower awards reached $255 million, highlighting efforts to encourage the exposure of misconduct. Market participants showcased a heightened commitment to compliance, frequently self-reporting violations and aiding SEC investigations.
The agency initiated several campaigns to combat widespread noncompliance. One prominent effort targeted recordkeeping violations, resulting in over $600 million in civil penalties across more than 70 firms. Municipal advisors faced recordkeeping charges for the first time, reflecting an expansion of the SEC’s regulatory reach.
Attention also focused on the Marketing Rule, with enforcement actions against investment advisers for misleading advertisements. These settlements required firms to establish policies that prevent false claims and ensure transparent and balanced advertising practices.
SEC Targets AI Scams, Cybersecurity Breaches
The SEC intensified its focus on emerging technologies and associated risks, targeting areas like artificial intelligence, social media scams, and cybersecurity breaches. A key case involved QZ Asset Management, which faced charges for false claims about AI-driven investment returns. Firms such as Delphia and Global Predictions also settled allegations over misleading information regarding their AI applications.
Relationship-based investment scams also attracted regulatory action. Fraudulent crypto schemes, particularly by entities like NanoBit and CoinW6, used deceptive social media tactics to manipulate investors and misappropriate funds. Cybersecurity failures received significant attention as well. Major firms, including The Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. and Equiniti Trust Company LLC, reached settlements over inadequate protections for client securities and assets.
Fiscal year 2024 included several high-profile trials. A pivotal case against Terraform Labs and Do Kwon resulted in over $4.5 billion in penalties for fraud. Another important trial, SEC v. Panuwat, concluded with a conviction for insider trading, involving confidential information related to Pfizer Inc.’s acquisition of Medivation, Inc.
